Reusable Knowledge-based Components for Building Software Applications: A Knowledge Modelling Approach

In computer science, different types of reusable components for building software applications were proposed as a direct consequence of the emergence of new software programming paradigms. The success of these components for building applications depends on factors such as the flexibility in their combination or the facility for their selection in centralised or distributed environments such as internet. In this article, we propose a general type of reusable component, called primitive of representation, inspired by a knowledge-based approach that can promote reusability. The proposal can be understood as a generalisation of existing partial solutions that is applicable to both software and knowledge engineering for the development of hybrid applications that integrate conventional and knowledge based techniques. The article presents the structure and use of the component and describes our recent experience in the development of real-world applications based on this approach

Enseñar derecho romano, posibilidad y método

En este artículo se realiza una cruda aproximación al proceso de reforma de los estudios universitarios y a sus detestables resultados: deterioro de la enseñanza, menosprecio a estudiantes y profesores, etc. Todo ello desde la perspectiva de un profesor de derecho romano experimentado.This article describes a crude approximation to the reform of university studies and their detestable results: deterioration of education, disregard for students and university lecturers. All from the perspective of an experienced professor of Roman Law

Environmental policy instruments: technology adoption incentives with imperfect compliance

We study the incentives to adopt advanced abatement technologies in the presence of imperfect compliance. Interestingly, incentives under emission taxes and pollution abatement subsidies are the same that in the perfect compliance scenario. However, under emission standards imperfect compliance can increase firms’ incentives to invest, whereas under an emission permit mechanism investment incentives decrease only if widespread non-compliance induces a reduction in the permit price. Our results are valid for fairly general characteristics of the monitoring and enforcement strategies commonly found in both, theoretical and empirical applications

Comercio de derechos de emisión, adopción de tecnología y heterogeneidad de industrias: un enfoque experimental

The economic and environmental gains expected from particular environmental policies based on allowances trading programs depend on how they are specifically implemented in the field. In this paper we focus on a tradable permit program based on a double auction market combined with an industry structure that presents heterogeneity in conventional abatement cost functions across firms, and allows for the possibility of adopting a new low emissions technology. Our results show that there is a direct relationship between the technological heterogeneity within an industry and the efficiency of firms behavior when investing in cleaner technologies and the efficiency of the market when reaping the potential benefits from trade by way of permits reallocationLos beneficios económicos y ambientales esperados de una determinada política medioambiental basada en el comer comercio de derechos de emisisón dependen de cómo éstos son implementados en el campo. En este artículo, analizamos el comercio de derechos de emisión a través de un mecanismo de subasta doble combinado con una estructura de la industria que presenta heterogeneidad en los costes de reducción de emisiones de las empresas, donde se permite además la adopción de una nueva tecnología más limpia. Nuestros resultados muestran que existe una relación directa entre la heteroogeneidad de la tecnología dentro de una industria, la eficiencia del comportamiento inversor de las empresas, así como la eficiencia del mecanismo de mercado para extraer los beneficios potenciales derivados de una reasignación de los permisos de emisió

An experimental analysis of the effects of imperfect compliance on technology adoption

We present the results of an experimental investigation on incentives to adopt cleaner abatement technologies in the presence of imperfect compliance. We consider two emission control instruments—emission taxes and tradable permits—as well as diferent combinations of the inspection probability and fne for non-compliance, which can result in full or weak enforcement scenarios. We review and qualify existing theoretical predictions in several ways and fnd the main result is that allowing for weak enforcement causes tax evasion, reductions in permit prices and lower adoption rates of cleaner abatement technologies. As a result, there are increases in aggregate emissions. Finally, treatments with tradable permits under weak enforcement encounter insufcient trading.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

La regeneración de playas en el Golfo de Cádiz. Un coste asumible y sostenible

En la última década se han efectuado numerosas regeneraciones en las playas del Golfo de Cádiz. La demanda social, generada por las necesidades de un turismo en expansión y el retroceso generalizado de la línea de costa, ha propiciado las obras de regeneración de numerosas playas en el Golfo de Cádiz durante la última década. El órgano que decide la ejecución de este tipo de obras no debería basarse sólo en criterios políticos y técnicos, sino también económicos. Con este fin, se presentan una serie de datos sobre características fisiográficas e inversiones realizadas en cerca de treinta playas regeneradas, en una o más ocasiones, desde 1989 hasta 1998. Además, se definen unos parámetros económicos, como el gasto medio de mantenimiento anual y el coste de metro cuadrado de playa seca, que permiten la comparación de costes entre unas playas y otras y estudiar la sostenibilidad de las soluciones adoptadas. Finalmente, los seguimientos batimétricos apare cen, con un coste mínimo, como instrumentos indispensables para conocer y predecir el fenómeno de la erosión, y abaratar las inversiones

Effect of postextubation noninvasive ventilation with active humidification vs high‑flow nasal cannula on reintubation in patients at very high risk for extubation failure: a randomized trial.

Purpose High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy was noninferior to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for preventing reintubation in a heterogeneous population at high-risk for extubation failure. However, outcomes might differ in certain subgroups of patients. Thus, we aimed to determine whether NIV with active humidification is superior to HFNC in preventing reintubation in patients with ≥ 4 risk factors (very high risk for extubation failure). Methods Randomized controlled trial in two intensive care units in Spain (June 2020‒June 2021). Patients ready for planned extubation with ≥ 4 of the following risk factors for reintubation were included: age > 65 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score > 12 on extubation day, body mass index > 30, inadequate secretions management, difficult or prolonged weaning, ≥ 2 comorbidities, acute heart failure indicating mechanical ventilation, moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, airway patency problems, prolonged mechanical ventilation, or hypercapnia on finishing the spontaneous breathing trial. Patients were randomized to undergo NIV with active humidification or HFNC for 48 h after extubation. The primary outcome was reintubation rate within 7 days after extubation. Secondary outcomes included postextubation respiratory failure, respiratory infection, sepsis, multiorgan failure, length of stay, mortality, adverse events, and time to reintubation. Results Of 182 patients (mean age, 60 [standard deviation (SD), 15] years; 117 [64%] men), 92 received NIV and 90 HFNC. Reintubation was required in 21 (23.3%) patients receiving NIV vs 35 (38.8%) of those receiving HFNC (difference −15.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) −28.3 to −1%). Hospital length of stay was lower in those patients treated with NIV (20 [12‒36.7] days vs 26.5 [15‒45] days, difference 6.5 [95%CI 0.5–21.1]). No additional differences in the other secondary outcomes were observed. Conclusions Among adult critically ill patients at very high-risk for extubation failure, NIV with active humidification was superior to HFNC for preventing reintubation.post-print1227 K

Development of an online platform for experimental teaching in microeconomics

[EN] The instructors of the microeconomics courses at the University Jaume I in Castellón, Spain have created a group for educational innovation in microeconomics devoted to the introduction of experiment-based learning in the economics domain. The main goals of this project are to facilitate and to enrich student learning and to provide microeconomics teachers with useful materials to introduce experiment-based activities in their classroom. The methodology used is that of experimental economics: students participate in laboratory sessions where a computer program reproduces the main characteristics of the market structures studied in introductory and intermediate microeconomics. After the students interactions determine the outcome for each participant, the underlying theoretical model is solved and presented. Finally, observed and predicted outcomes are graphically compared and discussed. In order to facilitate this process, we developed a webpage in 2013 on which students and teachers can freely download instructions, software, theoretical solutions and data analysis examples corresponding to each experiment. Afterwards, we conducted a survey in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the classroom experiments in combination with the online platform. The results obtained from the questionnaire data show the effectiveness of our project. More than two thirds of the students considered these practices to be helpful for a better understanding of the course and confirmed a high demand for the online platform. 90% stated that they would recommend the experimental lectures approach.We would like to share our materials with other universities that are considering these practices as part of their teaching processes so that they can benefit from our experience.Barreda Tarrazona, I.; Camacho Cuena, E.; García Gallego, A.; Ginés Vilar, M.; Jaramillo Gutiérrez, A.; López Ovejero, S.; Behnk, S.... (2015). Development of an online platform for experimental teaching in microeconomics. En 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION ADVANCES (HEAD' 15). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd15.2015.406OCS758